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Neighborhood form and CO

Jiaxing GUO, Huan LIU, Yang JIANG, Dongquan HE, Qidong WANG, Fei MENG, Kebin HE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 79-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1

摘要： To understand the household CO emission level in China, as well as how much the neighborhoods’ socio-economic or design factors could influence the CO emission, 23 neighborhoods in Jinan were investigated in 2009 and 2010. These neighborhoods fall into four different types: superblock, enclave, grid and traditional. The household CO emission includes sources of both in-home energy use and passenger transportation. The average CO emission per household is 7.66 t·a , including 6.87 t in-home operational emission and 792 kg transportation emission. The household CO emission by neighborhood categories is 10.97, 5.65, 6.49, 5.40 t·household ·a for superblock, enclave, grid and traditional respectively. Superblock has the highest average emission and also the highest percent (more than 25%) of transportation emission among four different types of neighborhoods. The residential CO emission of superblock neighborhoods in Jinan has already reached the level in developed countries nearly ten years ago. It is predictable that more superblock neighborhoods would be built in China with the fast urbanization. How to avoid the rapid household CO emission growth in the future would be a systematic issue. The study also found that in addition to income and apartment area, household density, land use mix and accessibility to public transportation are three primary factors which have significant impacts on CO emission. High density, mixed land use and convenient accessibility to public transportation tend to reduce household CO emission.

关键词： CO₂ emission neighborhood type transportation household energy China

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New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2

摘要： Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has become an important factor threatening human health. However, no perfect drug choice for obesity exists. Semaglutide is a kind of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that promotes insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion through a glucose concentration-dependent mechanism. GLP-1 can also delay stomach emptying and suppress appetite to help lose weight. This review summarizes clinical evidence of the semaglutide effect on T2D and obesity and establishes expectations on future clinical trials for obesity treatment.

关键词： semaglutide type 2 diabetes obesity

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新的充分条件和哈密尔顿图

赵克文

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第11期页码 61-64

摘要：

记δ和α分别表示图G的最小度和独立数，1991年Faudree等人得到图G不相邻的任意2点x,y均有|N(x)∪N(y)|≥n-δ的Hamiltonian结果。1993年美国乔治亚州立大学的陈冠涛教授深化Fan条件并且得到满足1≤|N (x)∩N(y)|≤α-1的不相邻的任2点x，y均有max{d(x),d(y)}≥n/2的Hamiltonian结果。进一步改进Faudree等人的条件和综合陈冠涛教授的思路,研究满足1≤|N(x)∩N(y)|≤α-1的不相邻的任2点x,y均有|N(x)∪N(y)|≥n-δ-1，则是哈密尔顿图或G∈{K_{(n-1)/2, (n + 1)/2}, K₂^* V3K_(n-2)/3}。

关键词：哈密尔顿图邻域并最小度独立数

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Personalized medicine of type 2 diabetes

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0241-y

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Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection:

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 480-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8

摘要：

Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type I superinfection incidence immune response

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Metabolomics in human type 2 diabetes research

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0248-4

摘要：

The high prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has caused a huge burden on the modern society. Although scientific advances have led to effective strategies for preventing and treating diabetes over the past several decades, little progress has been made toward curing the disease or even getting it under control, from a public health and overall societal standpoint. There is still a lack of reliable biomarkers indicative of metabolic alterations associated with diabetes and different drug responses, highlighting the need for the development of early diagnostic and prognostic markers for diabetes and diabetic complications. The emergence of metabolomics has allowed researchers to systemically measure the small molecule metabolites, which are sensitive to the changes of both environmental and genetic factors and therefore, could be regarded as the link between genotypes and phenotypes. During the last decade, the progression made in metabolomics has provided insightful information on disease development and disease onset prediction. Recent studies using metabolomics approach coupled with statistical tools to predict incident diabetes revealed a number of metabolites that are significantly altered, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, as diagnostic or highly-significant predictors of future diabetes. This review summarizes the current findings of metabolomic studies in human investigations with the most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes.

关键词： metabolomics type 2 diabetes metabolic pathway mass spectrometry nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

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基于先验形状和局部统计的血管影像图像分割方法 Research Articles

Yun TIAN, Zi-feng LIU, Shi-feng ZHAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第8期页码 1099-1108 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800129

摘要：快速准确地从医学图像中提取血管结构是许多临床医疗的基础。然而，大多数血管分割方法忽略了分割结果中孤立点和冗余点的存在。本文提出一种基于先验形状和局部统计的血管分割方法，能有效消除异常值并精确分割粗细血管。首先，定义了一种改进的血管滤波器，用于量化每个体素属于管状结构的可能性；其次，执行匹配和连接操作以获得血管掩模；最后，在血管掩模基础上实现基于局部统计的区域生长方法，得到较为完整的无外围值的血管树。与Frangi方法以及Yang方法在实际血管造影图像上的实验和比较，证明该方法在保持血管分支连通的同时，可以有效去除异常值。

关键词：血管滤波器；邻域；血管分割；外围值

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Correction to: Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 1071-1071 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0736-6

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The mechanisms linking adiposopathy to type 2 diabetes

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 433-444 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0288-9

摘要：

Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of body fat in proportion to body size. When obesity occurs, the functions of adipose tissue may be deregulated, which is termed as adiposopathy. Adiposopathy is an independent risk factor for many diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In overweight or obese subjects with adiposopathy, hyperlipidemia exerts lipotoxicity in pancreatic islet and liver and induces pancreatic β cell dysfunction and liver insulin resistance, which are the decisive factors causing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, adipokines have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. When adiposopathy occurs, abnormal changes in the serum adipokine profile correlate with the development and progression of pancreatic β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. The current paper briefly discusses the latest findings regarding the effects of adiposopathy-related lipotoxicity and cytokine toxicity on the development of type 2 diabetes.

关键词： obesity adiposopathy lipotoxicity adipokines diabetes

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Mechanical performance analysis and stiffness test of a new type of suspension bridge

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1160-1180 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0760-6

摘要： A new type of suspension bridge is proposed based on the gravity stiffness principle. Compared with a conventional suspension bridge, the proposed bridge adds rigid webs and cross braces. The rigid webs connect the main cable and main girder to form a truss that can improve the bending stiffness of the bridge. The cross braces connect the main cables to form a closed space truss structure that can improve the torsional stiffness of the bridge. The rigid webs and cross braces are installed after the construction of a conventional suspension bridge is completed to resist different loads with different structural forms. A new type of railway suspension bridge with a span of 340 m and a highway suspension bridge with a span of 1020 m were designed and analysed using the finite element method. The stress, deflection of the girders, unbalanced forces of the main towers, and natural frequencies were compared with those of conventional suspension bridges. A stiffness test was carried out on the new type of suspension bridge with a small span, and the results were compared with those for a conventional bridge. The results showed that the new suspension bridge had a better performance than the conventional suspension bridge.

关键词： new type of suspension bridge stiffness test mechanical performance railway bridge space truss

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Targeted therapy of desmoid-type fibromatosis: mechanism, current situation, and future prospects

Zhen Wang, Jianhui Wu, Xiuyun Tian, Chunyi Hao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 427-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0672-6

摘要： Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare monoclonal fibroblastic proliferation that is characterized by locally infiltrative but rarely metastatic lesions. Tyrosine kinase and γ-secretase inhibitors are primarily used in the targeted therapy of DF. The use of these drugs, however, is mainly based on the recommendations of retrospective studies with small sample sizes. Previous studies that focused on the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of targeted therapy for DF were reviewed to provide references for clinical applications and research. The efficacy and safety of targeted therapy were compared with those of other systemic therapy options. Targeted therapy does not provide considerable advantages in efficacy and safety over other medical treatments and is usually applied after the failure of antihormonal therapies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and chemotherapy. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism, indications, and appropriate drug dosage of the targeted therapy of DF.

关键词： targeted therapy desmoid-type fibromatosis tyrosine kinase inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor

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Development of an axial-type fan with an optimization method

Chong-hyun CHO, Soo-yong CHO, Chaesil KIM,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 414-422 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0038-5

摘要： An axial-type fan that operates at a relative total pressure of 671Pa and a static pressure of 560Pa with a flowrate of 416.6m/min is developed using an optimization technique based on the gradient method. Prior to the optimization of the fan blade, a three-dimensional axial-type fan blade is designed based on the free-vortex method along the radial direction. Twelve design variables are applied to the optimization of the rotor blade, and one design variable is selected for optimizing a stator which is located behind the rotor to support a fan-driving motor. The total and static pressure are applied to the restriction condition with the operating flowrate on the design point, and the efficiency is chosen as the response variable to be maximized. Through these procedures, an initial axial-fan blade designed by the free vortex method is modified to increase the efficiency with a satisfactory operating condition. The optimized fan is tested and compared with the performance obtained with the same class fan to figure out the optimization effect. The test results show that the optimized fan not only satisfies the restriction conditions but also operates at the same efficiency even though the tip clearance of the optimized fan is greater than 30%. The experimental and numerical tests show that this optimization method can improve the efficiency and operating pressures on axial-type fans.

关键词： axial-type fan gradient method free-vortex method design variable total pressure static pressure operating flowrate

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Low-temperature CO oxidation over Au-doped 13X-type zeolite catalysts: preparation and catalytic activity

Qing YE, Donghui LI, Jun ZHAO, Jiansheng ZHAO, Tianfang KANG, Shuiyuan CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 497-504 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0256-z

摘要： Au-supported 13X-type zeolite (Au/13X) was synthesized using a common deposition–precipitation (DP) method with a solution of sodium carbonate as a precipitate agent. Further testing was conducted to test for catalytic oxidation of CO. A study was conducted on the effects of different preparation conditions (i.e., chloroauric acid concentration, solution temperature, pH of solution, and calcinations temperature) on Au/13X for CO oxidation. In respect to the catalytic activity, the relationship between different the preparation conditions and gold particles in 13X zeolite was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, TEM and XPS. The activity of Au/13X catalysts in CO oxidation was dependent on the chloroauric acid concentration. From XRD results, a higher chloroauric acid concentration induced larger gold nanoparticles, which resulted in lower catalytic activity. Results revealed that higher temperatures induced higher Au loading, homogeneous deposit, and smaller gold clusters on the support of 13X, resulting in higher CO activity. Furthermore, a pH of 5 or 6 generated greater amounts of Au loading and smaller Au particles on 13X than at a pH of 8 or 9. This may be a result of an effective exchange between and Au(OH) Cl on specific surface sites of zeolite under the pH’s 5 and 6. The sample calcined at 300°C showed the highest activity, which may be due to the sample’s calcined at 200°C inability to decompose completely to metallic gold while the sample calcined at 400°C had larger particles of gold deposited on the support. It can be concluded from this study that Au/13X prepared from a gold solution with an initial chloroauric acid solution concentration of 1.5 × 10 mol·L gold solution pH of 6, solution temperature of around 90°C, and a calcination temperature of 300°C provides optimum catalytic activity for CO oxidation.

关键词： 13X-type zeolite CO oxidation gold solution pH calcination temperature

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Chemotactic effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator on mouse spermatozoa

DING Xiaofang, LI Honggang, XIONG Chengliang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 195-199 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0037-7

摘要： The aim of this study is to investigate the chemotactic effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on mouse spermatozoa. Capillary assays were applied to study the chemotactic activity of ascending and descending gradients of uPA. Firstly, the chemotactic effect of an ascending gradient of uPA on mouse spermatozoa was observed by counting the number of spermatozoa that migrated into the capillary after incubation with uPA for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively, compared with that after incubation with F10. Twenty minutes was a suitable incubation time to obtain a plateau of sperm accumulation. Meanwhile, to confirm the specific effect of uPA on mouse sperm chemotaxis, uPA inhibitor (PAI-1) and anti-uPAR rabbit IgG were added to the test solution containing 20 U/mL uPA, respectively. To exclude the possibility that PAI-1 and anti-uPAR rabbit IgG may affect sperm accumulation nonspecifically, PAI-1 and anti-uPAR rabbit IgG were added to F10, respectively. It was found that the chemotactic effect of uPA was neutralized completely by PAI-1 and anti-uPAR rabbit IgG. PAI-1 and anti-uPAR rabbit IgG had no neutralizing effect on the sperm chemotactic effect. Lastly, the sperm chemotaxis response to a descending gradient of uPA was also observed. Taken together, the results suggest that uPA can induce sperm chemotaxis by binding to its receptor on the sperm membrane and may act as a chemoattractant in precontacting sperm-egg communication thereby increasing the chance encounter of spermatozoa and eggs.

关键词： chemotactic activity receptor uPA inhibitor F10 chemoattractant

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Coulomb-type solutions for passive earth pressure with steady seepage

WANG Junjie, CHAI Hejun, LIN Xin, XU Jiamei

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 56-66 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0001-2

摘要： Present paper deals with the computing of passive earth pressure acting on the vertical rigid retaining wall supporting the soil mass subjected to water seepage. The basic assumptions of Coulomb’s theory and the 2-dimensional steady flow function are used. Three Coulomb-type solutions for the passive earth pressures are presented for the walls provided with three different drainage systems respectively. Based on the general solutions, the variations of the critical inclination of the failure surface and the coefficient of passive earth pressure with increasing the effective friction angle of the soil mass, the soil/structure friction angle, and the water/soil unit weight ratio are discussed. Two tables with values of the coefficients of passive earth pressure for Cases 1 and 3 respectively are also presented.

关键词： function coefficient Coulomb-type effective friction different drainage